2014职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解原文

卫生类A级阅读理解原文为阅读判断第十二篇

　　First Self-contained Heart Implanted 【首例整套人工心脏移植】

　　A patient on the brink of death has received the world’s first self-contained artificial heart—a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest.

　　Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a sever-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was “awake and responsive” Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal details.

　　The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person’s life by only a month. But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient’s quality of life.

　　The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those, the Jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.

　　“I think it’s potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,” said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American heart Association. However, he said the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality: “This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.” Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died.

　　Some doctors, including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hears.

　　“A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,” he said. “It’s going to be hard to replace that with a machine.”

　　The AbilCor has a 2-pound pumping unit, and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the body’s needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin.

　　文章中文翻译：

　　首例整套人工心脏移植

　　一位病危的患者接受了世界上第一个整套人工心脏移植——一个垒球般大小、由电池驱动的装置。这个装置运行时不需要电线，且患者胸部不必附带软管。

　　周一，在犹太医院内，两名来自路易斯维尔大学的医生经过7小时的手术，给病人植入了钛和塑料的泵状心脏。该医院声称，病人已于周二苏醒，反应灵敏，且正在安逸地休息。但拒绝透露病人的个人信息。

　　医生说，病人如果不做手术，可能在一个月内死亡，院方预计此人工心脏仅能延长病人一个月的寿命。但这一装置却被视为改善病人生命质量的重要一步。

　　这种称作AbioCor的新泵，与20世纪80年代那种通过管线与体外庞大机械相连的机械心脏相比，也是一项技术飞跃。那些旧机械心脏当中最为著名的便是Jarvic-7型，其采用空气作为泵输出装置，与一个洗衣机般大小的器械相连接。

　　美国心脏协会主席David Faxon博士说：“这可能是人工心脏发展中的重大飞跃。”但他还说，可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实，“很显然，这只是一个实验装置，能否长期成功还有待证实。”等待别人捐献心脏的4 200个美国人中去年只有大约一半人接受到捐献，剩余的大部分人都死亡了。

　　包括里士满弗吉尼亚医学院心脏病学主任Robert Higgins在内的一些医生说，人工心脏不太可能替代捐献的心脏。

　　“如果移植得好，一个捐献的心脏可存活15—30年，”他说，“而这一点机器是很难代替的。”

　　AbioCor含有一个重达2磅的泵输出装置以及根据身体需要调整泵速度的电子控制器。它以佩戴在体外的一组小电池作为动力，通过皮肤来传递电流。

　　36. 前两段告诉Self-contained artificial heart

　　A. was made of titanium and pump

　　B. had brought the patient to the brink of death

　　C. did not need to get power from outside the body

　　D. was invented by two surgeous from university of Louisville

　　37. 病人接收 the first self-contained heart

　　A. could not afford a donor heart

　　B. was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operation

　　C. died two month’s after the heart implantation

　　D. was reluctant to release his or her personal information

　　38. 第四段中the Jarvic-7 is

　　A. the most expensive mechanical heart

　　B. a mechanical heart used in the 1980s

　　C. as advanced as A biocor

　　D. replacing A biocor

　　39. 通过Dr. David Faxon, the self-contained heart is

　　A. a milestone in the artificial heart development

　　B. still in the experimental stage

　　C. an implantable, permanent artificial heart

　　D. unavailable to all those Americans waiting for donor hearts

　　40.从文章推断出donor heart

　　A. saved the lives of about 2100 Americans the year before the report

　　B. will be replaced by self-contained artificial hearts sooner or later

　　C. are more popular and cheaper than self-contained artificial hearts

　　D. can help patients survive less than 15 years if they are in good transplant.