2015职称英语理工类B级真题原文出处：第三篇阅读理解

2015-03-28 13:46:22 来源：网络发表评论

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　　理工类B级真题阅读理解第三篇

　　Dangers Await Babies with Altitude【高海拔地区的婴儿有危险】

　　Women who live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.

　　Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.

　　To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the would, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.

　　Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani.

　　The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child, “says Giussani.

　　His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.

　　Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.

　　文章中文翻译：

　　高海拔地区的婴儿有危险

　　一项新的研究表明，住在世界高海拔地区的女人通常生下体重不足的婴儿。这些婴儿在长大成人后患心脏病和中风的风险很大。

　　研究暗示在山区出生的新生儿低于平均体重。但是还不清楚这是由于在高海拔地区氧气不足，还是由于他们的母亲没有获得足够的营养——许多住在高海拔地区的人相对都比住在低海拔地区的人穷。

　　为了了解更多情况，剑桥大学的Dina Giussani和他的团队研究了1997年至1998年玻利维亚的400个新生儿的记录。这些婴儿出生于两个城市的富有和贫困地区：拉巴斯和圣克鲁斯。拉巴斯是世界上海拔最高的城市，海拔3. 65千米，而圣克鲁斯低很多，海拔0.44千米。

　　毫无疑问，Giussani发现拉巴斯的新生儿的平均出生体重明显低于圣克鲁斯的新生儿，无论高收入家庭还是低收入家庭都是如此。甚至圣克鲁斯的贫穷家庭的婴儿比拉巴斯的富有家庭的婴儿平均体重还要重。Giussani说：“我们对这个结果感到吃惊。”

　　这个结果表明在高海拔地区出生的婴儿出生前就缺氧。Giussani说：“这可能会触发调节未出生儿成长的荷尔蒙的释放或抑制。”

　　他的团队还发现高海拔地区出生的婴儿通常有相对身体来说较大的头部。这可能是因为一个缺氧的胚胎会首先把充氧的血液输送到脑部，然后才送到身体的其他部位。

　　Giussani想要查出这样的婴儿在今后的生活中是不是更容易患病。例如在拉巴斯出生的人在成年之后更可能患心脏病。出生时体重轻是患冠心病的一个危险因素。头部相对身体较大的新生儿在日后的生活中通常更容易患高血压和中风。

　　练习:

　　1. According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are underweight.