对英文短文的认识+自己总结


2008-07-16  

  首先,各位朋友在写作前应该了解英文短文的四大种载体(four kinds of writing): 记叙文;描写文;说明文和议论文。
  简单地说, narration 是讲述一个故事;description 是描写某人、某物;exposition 侧重于解释、说明某事物、某现象、某情况等;argumentation 的目的在于使人们信服自己的立场、观点。
  例如:以下一组作文题,意味着可以分别写成四种载体的文章:
   1. How I Got a Gift from My Parents
   2. The Best Gift I Ever Got
   3. How to Use the DC- a Gift from My Parents
   4. Topic142. A gift (such as a camera, a soccer ball, or an animal) can contribute to a child’s development. What gift would you give to help a child develop? Why? Use reasons and specific examples to support your choice.
  第一个可用记叙文来写。第二个可写成描写性文章。第三个当然用说明文最适宜。第四个也就是我从185篇里抽出的一道作文题,个人认为写为议论文形式较好。
  综观很多TWE题目后,我们可以发现TWE毫无疑问适合以 exposition 或 argumentation 这两种载体操作。这里我就从个人角度适当分析一下。
  一. 载体的穿插使用
  每篇文章都必然归属于某一种载体,但同一篇文章中并不排斥其他载体的表达方式,只是有主次之分。
  比如,记叙文在叙述一个故事的过程中,常常不可避免地穿插些描写;议论文也可有叙述、描写;说明文更离不开适当的描写甚至议论的配合。
  以下我以TWE练笔中的一篇范文举例。
   TWE练笔专贴◎第十期Topic15.Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer.
  作者: llneaco
   Living in the neighborhood, we cannot avoid rubbing shoulders with people of all ages and all walks of life everyday; therefore, though not imperative, it is anyway preferable to have an inhabitant with agreeable qualities residing nearby. In terms of the qualities of a good neighbor, as I have observed, could be in the rough concluded as “law-consciousness”, “respectfulness” and “readiness to help”.
  开头表明了作者的立场:we cannot avoid rubbing shoulders with people of all ages and all walks of life everyday; therefore, though not imperative, it is anyway preferable to have an inhabitant with agreeable qualities residing nearby.
  随后说明了具体的三个方面:In terms of the qualities of a good neighbor, as I have observed, could be in the rough concluded as “law-consciousness”, “respectfulness” and “readiness to help”. 而后面的3个段落,围绕the qualities of a good neighbor这一中心,开展说明。
   In the first place, a good neighbor should undoubtedly be well conscious about the law because no one is willing to get caught up in problems from someone else’s illegal activities. Even though I might not have committed any crime, I could still be involved since the one who committed it lives around the corner from my house. Still worse, I might feel quite insecure about my personal safety and property living in the vicinity with such a lawless person, which is like putting the cat near the goldfish bowl. In short, having a sound knowledge of law is the very prerequisite of being a good neighbor.
   “Respectfulness” is another trait of a nice neighbor. By “respectfulness” I indicate not only .

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