2007-06-04
词汇选项例题解析
词汇题
Ø考试出题方向分析
词汇题部分不分专业类别,同级别的职称英语词汇题部分试题相同。词汇选项倾向于对名词,动词,形容词和副词这四种词类的考察,考试中有时也会涉及到介词短语。对跨词类词和词义宽的词的考察也是近年来的出题方向;而通常在词汇题的15道题中会有3-5个题是直接或间接出自当年的职称英语书上的词汇题部分。
词汇题解题思路:
1. 看划线词是否熟悉,注意划线词两端的结构;
2. 比较被选项之间是否有什么特点?是否有近义词/短语?反义词/短语?形近词?如果被选项有关系,答案可能会出自有关系的选项中;
3. 参考划线词的搭配结构,判断哪个被选项搭配含义通顺,往往通顺的就是答案;参考划线词的搭配结构,判断哪个被选项能与划线结构的搭配结构构成结构搭配,能构成的往往是答案;
4. 借助划线词的构成形式—词根/词缀猜测划线词的大意;借助划线短语的组成成分的基本含义推测划线短语的大意。
5. “查字典”—在以上方法都不能奏效的情况下,首先判断划线词语在句子中的语法功能,是名词?动词?形容词?副词?在字典中找到该词,并借助划线词两端的搭配结构含义判断答案。
Ø例题解析:
词汇选择(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面共有15句子,每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.A new system of quality control was brought in to overcome the defects in the firm’s products.
A) investedB) introducedC) installedD) insisted
答案及解析:B. 解题思路:借助画线短语核心词(bring)的基本含义—“带来/引起”,并借助与画线结构相直接相关的结构含义(质量控制系统被。。)判断B是答案。
Invest: vt.(常与in连用)投入(资金,精力,时间等)
e.g. Ive invested a lot of time and effort in this plan. (喻)
我已在这计划中投入了大量的时间和精力
insist: vi, vt(常与on, that连用)主张;坚持, 坚持要求(宾语从句跟虚拟语气结构)
e.g. We insist on / upon self-reliance.
我们坚持自力更生。
e.g. We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work.
大家都坚决要求不完工就不休息
2. Have you talked to her lately?
A)lastly B) shortly
C)recently D)immediately
答案及解析: C。解题思路:抓住句子中与划线部分相关的结构或用词特点。根据句子所在时态判断,C最合适。而lastly 是“最后,终于”; shortly是“立刻,不久”; immediately是“立即”。
immediately adv., conj.立即; 即刻
e.g. I came immediately I heard the news.我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。
Synonyms: at once, directly, promptly, quickly
3. The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether.
A) develop B) disappear
C) link D) renew
答案及解析:B。解题思路:借助句意。and的使用表明前后两个分句是在句意上承接的,这样排除A和D(renew = re + new(re表示“再次”),所以可推出renew是“更新”)。 借助句意判断disappear(消失)是答案。
link vt, vi(常与together, to, with连用)连接
e.g. The two towns are linked by a railway. 这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。
4. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.
A) beats B)matches
C) maintains D)announces
答案及解析:A。break有多种含义,解题思路:借助划线词和被选项的基本词义。Break是“打破, 违犯, 折断,超过”,而被选项中只有A有“打”的含义,所以判断beat是答案。另外,maintain,announce和match都是常见词,基本含义分别是“保持”,“宣布”和“比得上”。
Maintain: vt. 保养;维修; 主张;为…辩护(hold/think)
e.g. The car has always been properly maintained. 这汽车一直保养得很好。
Match: n. 比赛;竞争(game/contest)
e.g. a football match 足球比赛
5. The government is debating the education laws.
A) discussingB) defeatingC) delayingD) declining
答案及解析: A. 解题思路:根据与画线结构搭配的宾语(教育法规)的含义排除B,C和D。
debate: vt, vi讨论,争论;
discuss : vt谈论;讨论;商讨(with sb. )
e.g. I want to discuss your work with you. 我想和你一起讨论你的工作
delay: vt, vi, n. 推迟;延缓
e.g. The letter was delayed three days by the train accident.
这次火车事故使这封信耽搁了三天。
Decline: vt, vi下降;下滑;下倾
6. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.
A) goods B) soil
C) climateD) harvest
答案及解析: D。在该句中yield 是用作名词(因为该词的前面有不定冠词a),解题思路:抓住句? 风气,如:a mild climate温和的气候)。再借助句子中其他特征词:farm,判断harvest“收成”是答案。
Yield: vt, vi出产, (常与to连用)放弃;投降;让步 n. 产量;收成
e.g. That tree yields fruits. 这种树结果。
e.g. The army yielded when it was attacked.
当这支军队受到进攻时投降了
7. We took shelter from the storm in a department store.
A) rescue B) comfort
C) cover D) shade
答案及解析: C。解题思路:句意。
Rescue: vt. 营救;救出
e.g. We rescued the boy who fell into the river.
我们救起了掉进河里的小孩。
Cover: vt(常与with连用)覆盖; 占(时间或空间)(occupy/take up); 行过(路程);通过; 负担支付; 包括;包含;论及; n. 掩体;隐蔽处; 盖子;罩子;(图书、杂志的)封面e.g. She covered the table with a cloth. 她用一块布把桌子罩起来。
e.g. The town covers 5 square miles. 小镇占地5平方英里。
e.g. I want to cover 100 miles by dark. 我想在天黑之前走完100英里。
e.g. These expenses are covered by the state. 这些费用都由国家负担
e.g. The review covered everything we learned last term. 这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程
8. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.
A) get rid ofB) set up
C) repair D) paint
答案及解析: A。画线短语是动词短语,对于该短语的语义有两种查找方法:1。利用动词do,直接在字典中查找do away with 这个短语的语义。不难得出该短语的语义是“去掉”,所以A是答案;2。利用该短语中的词义推测:away是“离开”,而备选项中: set up是“建立”, repair是“修理”, paint 是“油漆, 描绘”,都与“离开”无关,所以只有get rid of是答案。
9.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.
A) permanentB) powerful
C) strikingD) practical
答案及解析: C. 解题思路:根据画线词的家族词(drama)的本义和与画线词搭配的结构的含义(变化),判断C是答案。
Striking: adj. 引人注意的;显著的
Dramatic: adj. 戏剧的;有关戏剧的; 引人注目的
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