2017年6月英语六级仔细阅读1题源文章

　　Even people whose data are less popular can benefit, adds Piwowar. By making the effort to organize and label files so that others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, and can avoid confusion later on. “It is often very hard to find and understand your own work if you are looking at it years from now,” says Piwowar. Scientists might be inclined to stuff their data into folders that can get lost and muddled — but if they store the files in an online repository, they are forced to curate and collate the data, she says.

　　The fear of being scooped is a powerful inhibitor. But scientists can put an embargo on their data, so that only they can see the work until they are ready to make it public. And data sets are becoming increasingly citable, bringing their authors formal recognition: data published in a data journal, on Dryad or on the repository figshare.com are given a digital object identifier (DOI) that can be referenced in other publications. (Figshare is owned by Digital Science, a sister company to Nature Publishing Group.)

　　Would-be sharers often worry that their data are too disordered or shoddy to release into the world. “I make my data available, and it can be a pain. I'm also scared and embarrassed about errors — most of us are, especially early-career scientists,” says Piwowar. “We don't yet have a culture of forgiveness around that, unlike in computer programming, where everyone knows there are bugs in code.” She advises researchers to look into repositories to get a sense of the quality standard for experimental data. “It doesn't have to be perfect,” she says. “It's probably less thorough than you think.”

　　As sharing grows more common, scientists may worry less about posting data sets. “Ultimately, data will be so ubiquitous that we will no longer be in a world where researchers are so scared,” says Carl Boettiger, an ecologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who keeps his entire laboratory notebook open online (see Nature 493, 711; 2013). “At the end of the day, science is a social process. You will never get there hiding yourself and your work,” he adds.

　　" At the end of the day, science is a social process. You will never get there hiding yourself and your work. "