2018年12月六级真题听力：Hey I just read a great book about physics...

　　passage 1

　　During the arctic winter from October to March， the average temperature in the frozen north typically hovers around minus 20 degrees Celsius。【9】Butthis year the Arctic is experiencing much higher temperatures。 On February the 20th the temperature in Greenland climbed above freezing or zero degrees Celsius and it stayed there for over 24 hours。 Then on February the 24th the temperature on Greenland‘s northern tip reached six degrees Celsius。 Climate scientists describe the phenomenon as stunning。 Weather conditions that drive this bizarre temperature surge have visited the Arctic before。 They typically appear about once in a decade。【10】However， the last such increase in temperature took place two years ago。 This is troubling as climbing arctic temperatures combined with rapid sea ice loss are creating a new type of climatefeedback loop which could accelerate Arctic warming。 Indeed， sea ice cover in the Arctic is melting faster than expected。 Without those masses of cooling sea ice， warm air brought to the Arctic can penetrate further inland than it ever did before。 The air can stay warmer longer too。 This drives additional melting。 Overall earth is warming at a rapid pace。 2014 through 2017 rank as the hottest years on record and the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any place else on earth。 This raises unique challenges for Arctic wildlife and indigenous people who depend on Arctic ecosystems to survive。 Previously climate forecasts predicted that Arctic summer ice would disappear entirely by around 2060，【11】but based on what scientists are seeing now the Arctic may be facing summers without ice within 20 years。

　　Question 9。 What did climate scientists describe as stunning?

　　9.【解析】转折类关键词But

　　Question 10。 What does the passage say about that temperature surge in the Arctic?

　　10.【解析】转折类关键词However

　　Question 11。 what may occur in 20 years according to scientists’ recent observations?

　　11、【解析】转折类关键词+末句原则第11题答案位置

　　Passage2

　　【12】A good dose of willpower is often necessary to see any task through whether it‘s sticking to a spending plan or finishing a great novel。 And if you want to increase that willpower。【13】 Anew study suggests you just simply have to believe you have it。 According to this study， what matters most is what we think about our willpower。 If we believe it’s a finite resource， we act that way， we feel exhausted and need breaks between demanding mental tasks。 However， people who view their willpower as a limitless resource get energized instead。 The researchers used a psychological assessment tool to test the validity of the study。 They asked 1100 Americans and 1600 Europeans to grade different statements such as after a challenging mental activity， my energy is depleted and I must rest to get it refueled again or I can focus on a mental task for long periods without feeling tired。

　　【14】Although there was little difference between men and women overall。Americans were more likely to admit to needing breaks after completing mentally challenging tasks European participants on the other hand claimed they were able to keep going。 Based on the findings，【15】 theresearcherssuggest that the key to boosting your willpower is to believe that you have an abundant supply of it。Your feelings about your willpower affect the way you behave。 But these feelings are changeable， they said。 Changing your beliefs about the nature of your self-control can have positive effects on character development。 This leads to healthier behaviors and perceptions of other people。

　　Question 12 What is often necessary for carrying through a task?

　　12.【解析】短文首句原则

　　Question 13 What is the finding of the new study?

　　13.【解析】建议类关键词原则suggest

　　Question 14 What do we learn about European participants as compared with their American counterparts?

　　14.【解析】转折类关键词Although

　　Question 15 What do the research say concerning people‘s feelings about willpower?

　　15.【解析】引言类关键词 suggest