2015年在职工硕英语备考：副词及其基本用法

　　副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。

　　一、副词的位置：

　　1) 在动词之前。

　　2) 在be动词、助动词之后。

　　3) 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。

　　注意：

　　a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。

　　We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.

　　b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。

　　He speaks English well.

　　二、副词的排列顺序：

　　1) 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。

　　2) 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。

　　Please write slowly and carefully.

　　3) 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。

　　注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。

　　(错)　I very like English.

　　(对)　I like English very much.

　　注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

　　I don't know him well enough.

　　There is enough food for everyone to eat.

　　There is food enough for everyone to eat.

　　6 兼有两种形式的副词

　　1) close与closely

　　close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地"

　　He is sitting close to me.

　　Watch him closely.

　　2)　late 与lately

　　late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"

　　You have come too late.

　　What have you been doing lately?

　　3)　deep与deeply

　　deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

　　He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

　　Even father was deeply moved by the film.

　　4)　high与highly

　　high表示空间高度;highly表示程度，相当于much

　　The plane was flying high.

　　I think highly of your opinion.

　　5)　wide与widely

　　wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"

　　He opened the door wide.

　　English is widely used in the world.

　　6)　free与freely

　　free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"

　　You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

　　You may speak freely; say what you like.

　　7 形容词与副词的比较级

　　大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

　　1) 规则变化

　　单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

　　构成法　　　　 原级　　 比较级　　 最高级

　　一般单音节词未 tall taller　　 tallest

　　尾加-er,-est

　　great greater　 greatest

　　以不发音的e结尾的 nice 　　 nicer　　 nicest

　　单音词和少数以- le结尾

　　的双音节词只加-r,-st　　 able abler　　ablest

　　以一个辅音字母结尾

　　的闭音节单音节词， 　 　big　　　 bigger　　 biggest

　　双写结尾的辅音字母，

　　再加-er，-est hot　　　　hotter　 hottest

　　"以辅音字母+y"结尾的 easy　　 easier　 easiest

　　双音节词　改y为i

　　，再加 -er，-est busy　　　 busier　 busiest

　　少数以-er，-ow clever　 cleverer cleverest

　　结尾的双音节词

　　未尾加-er，-est　　 narrow　　 narrower narrowest

　　其他双音节词和多　 important　 more ~ most~

　　音节词，在前面加

　　more，most来构成

　　比较级和最高级。 　 easily　　more easily most easily

　　8 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as

　　1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。

　　He cannot run so/as fast as you.

　　2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。

　　as +形容词+ a +单数名词

　　as + many/much +名词

　　This is as good an example as the other is.

　　I can carry as much paper as you can..

　　3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。

　　This room is twice as big as that one.

　　Your room is the same size as mine.

　　4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as　<=> 倍数+ than + of

　　This bridge is three times as long as that one.

　　This bridge is three times the length of that one.

　　Your room is twice as large as mine.

　　Your room is twice the size of mine.

　　9 比较级形容词或副词 + than

　　You are taller than I.

　　注意： 1)要避免重复使用比较级。

　　(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

　　(对) He is more clever than his brother.

　　(对) He is clever than his brother.

　　2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

　　(错) China is larger than any country in Asia.

　　(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

　　3)要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。

　　The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

　　It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

　　4)要注意冠词的使用。

　　比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia?

　　Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

　　She is taller than her two sisters.

　　She is the taller of the two sisters.

  本文选自新东方在线论坛。