2015年在职工硕英语备考：语态

　　语态

　　定义

　　语态(voice) 是一种动词形式，表示主语与谓语动词所表示的动作之间的关系。

　　分类：

　　主动语态：active voice

　　被动语态：passive voice

　　构成：be+done

　　使用场景

　　1. 无需指出动作的执行者或动作执行者不明确时。

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China.

　　2. 为强调动作的承受者。

　　Four people were killed and thirty-one were injured in the bomb attack.

　　3. 习惯说法

　　He was born in 1982.

　　4. 为了句式结构整齐修辞的需要。

　　Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the president.

　　5. 文体的需要。

　　形式

　　形式

　　1一般现在时

　　The content of each word is collected, along with the word itself.

　　2 现在进行时

　　A bridge is being built there.

　　3 一般过去时

　　He was hit by a car and his arm was broken.

　　4 过去进行时

　　He was being treated in the emergency room when I arrived at the hospital.

　　5 一般将来时

　　A new school will be set up in our neighborhood.

　　6 现在完成时

　　The work has been done.

　　7 过去完成时

　　50 graduates had been sent to that area by the end of last year.

　　重要考点

　　1 动词短语中，一般不能拆分

　　The doctor has been sent for.

　　The patients are well looked after in the hospital.

　　2 有情态动词时

　　The project can be completed and will be completed this year.

　　3 不及物动词，系表动词及不及物动词词组无被动结构

　　不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed

　　After the fire, very little remained of my house.

　　This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。

　　The story took place in 1949.

　　重要考点

　　4. 双宾结构

　　He told her a story.

　　She was told a story./A story was told to her.

　　I bought her a cup of tea.

　　A cup of tea was bought for her./ She was bought a cup of tea.

　　5. 不带to 的不定式结构在被动语态中不省to. 如感官动词和使动词等(make/let/see. etc)

　　I saw her pass by the window./ She was seen to pass by the window.

　　6 某些形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。(easy, difficult, hard etc)

　　English is difficult to learn.

　　7. Want, deserve, need, require, stand, take, won't bear with 等词后跟主动形式的动名词表被动。

　　The work needs doing(=needs to be done)

　　The rule will take some learning.

　　8 其他主动表被动的情况(wash, write, sell, eat, keep, open, read, ride, lock, shut等)

　　This type of recorder sells well.销路好

　　This kind of shirt washes well.耐洗

　　The pen writes well.这笔很好用

　　I was to blame for the accident. 那件事故我应该承担责任。

　　Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。

　　The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。

　　The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。

　　The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。

　　9 常见介词

　　By表示动作的执行者和施动者; with(tools)表示用某种工具; of可见原材料(物理变化);from看不见原材料(化学变化)(be made of/ be made from)

　　10 非谓语动词的被动结构

　　有些常用经典被动句型：

　　It is said that…　　 据说 …

　　It is reported that… 据报道 …

　　It is believed that…　大家相信 …

　　It is hoped that…　大家希望 …

　　It is well known that… 众所周知 …

　　It is thought that…　大家认为 …

　　It is suggested that…　据建议 …

　　It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然 …

　　It has been decided that… 大家决定 …

　　It must be remember that…务必记住的是 …

　　It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.

　　常用的过去分词结构如下

　　过去分词作形容词引出的介词不一定都是by, 因此我们许注意常用的固定搭配：

　　be acquainted with 熟悉

　　be annoyed with生气

　　be contented with 满意

　　be covered with被..覆盖

　　be disgusted with伪装

　　be gratified with满足

　　be satisfied with满意

　　be exhausted with筋疲力尽

　　be ashamed of 羞耻

　　be beloved of为..所爱

　　be convinced of 相信

　　be made of由…组成

　　be tired of 厌倦

　　be amazed at吃惊

　　be astonished at 吃惊

　　be disappointed at失望

　　be surprised at 惊讶

　　be terrified at惊吓

　　be absorbed in 被吸引

　　be caught in 被困

　　be interested in感兴趣

　　be devoted to致力于

　　be known to 对…知名的 (be known for由于..出名)

　　be involved in牵涉，卷入，参与

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