2015年在职工硕英语备考：应特别注意的典型结构

　　They must be in the library, aren't they? 他们一定还在图书馆，对吧?

　　They must have finished their homework, didn't they?

　　Let me do it, will you? 让我来做，好么?

　　Don't move, will you? 请你别动!

　　Let's go for a walk, shall we? 咱们去散步，好么?

　　He used to live in the countryside, didn't/usedn't he? 他过去住在农村，对吧?

　　倒装结构

　　分类

　　部分倒装和全部倒装

　　部分倒装：助动词或情态动词提前

　　全部倒装：整个谓语部分提前

　　部分倒装

　　1. so (neither, nor)+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语

　　I like coffee; so does my sister.我喜欢咖啡，我妹妹也喜欢。

　　I didn't attend class yesterday; nor/neither did Mary.我昨天没去上课，玛丽也没去。

　　** "Jim is a good-swimmer."

　　"So he is."(Jim 游泳不错。答：的确这样)

　　2. 具有否定意义的词或短语位于句首，一般部分倒装。(not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstance, in no way, at no time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, not only…but also等

　　Not only did he advise me what to do, but he also lent me the money.

　　Seldom does she do anything important without asking.

　　带情态动词的谓语倒装

　　Under no circumstance will I do such a thing.

　　带完成时的倒装只将have/has/had提前

　　No sooner had she got into the house than she realized that someone was in the bedroom.

　　Hardly had I entered the classroom when the class began.

　　3. only, so, often等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时需要倒装。

　　句首状语由 only+副词，only+介词短语，only+状语分词时

　　Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 直到昨天他才发现表丢了。

　　Only in our country can science serve the interests of the people. 只有在我们国家科学才能服务于人民的利益。

　　Only you can do it.只有你能做这事。

　　4. 在 so ... that 的结构中, so 位于句首

　　So fast does the light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光传播的很快我们无法测量其速度。

　　So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs. 他说话的声音很高连楼上的人都听得见。

　　So astonished was he that he could scarcely contain himself for joy.他如此吃惊竟然控制不住自己的喜悦之情。

　　Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.

　　6. 虚拟句中省略if的从句中，可将had/should/were 提前形成倒装

　　Should he call me this afternoon, tell him that I will be at home from eight.(If he should call me this afternoon, tell..)

　　Had I known what was going to happen, I would never had done it.

　　Were I a bird, I would fly in the sky.

　　7.在强调宾语时

　　Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction. 我们应该为社会主义建设作出更大的贡献。

　　Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.从废弃液体中我们能提取有用的化学肥料。

　　全部倒装

　　1 当there, here, then, now 等副词位于句首，且谓语动词表示移动(如come, go, ran, be)等，主谓全部倒装。意欲引起注意。

　　Here comes the bus.

　　Here are some letters for you.

　　注意：主语为代词时不倒装

　　Here we are.(Here you are)

　　Here he comes.

　　2 句首为there be, stand, lie, exist, remain, appear, seem, come 等时，引出全部倒装。

　　There stands a stone bridge across the river.

　　河上有一座石桥。

　　There stands an old pine tree on the summit of the mountain.在山峰有一棵老松树。

　　3. Out, in , down, away,up, bang 等方位或拟声词位于句首时，倒装后形象生动。主语为代词时不倒装。

　　Away flew the bird.

　　Down fell the rain.

　　Bang goes my ace(王牌).

　　Away she went.(代词不倒装)

　　4. 谓语动词为come, sit, lie, stand, be, sink等不及物动词，可将状语置于句首，主谓倒装。

　　At the foot of the mountain stands a temple.

　　In front of the window stood a large, comfortable armchair.

　　5 在表达祝愿的句子里：

　　Long live the friendship between American and Chinese people!中美人民的友谊万岁!

　　May you succeed! 祝你成功!

　　6 在强调表语时

　　Worst of all were the humiliations. 最令人难以忍受的是羞辱。

　　Such is the case. 情况就是这样。

　　固定句型倒装

　　1 形容词/名词+as+正常语序:表示"尽管"

　　Wealthy as he is, I don't envy him.(=Although he is wealthy, I don…)尽管他富有，我却不嫉妒他。

　　Child as he is, he can speak several languages.(=Although he is a child, he can…)尽管年纪小，他却能说好几门外语。

　　Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.(=Although he is prominent in his field, he …)尽管在这个领域他很杰出，他仍然很容易相处。

　　2 在某些相当于让步从句的固定结构中，动词置于句首

　　Be it right or wrong, we'll still go. 无论对错，我一如既往。

　　3 连词不位于句首的某些让步从句(把动词原形置于句首)

　　Object though you may, they will go on as usual. 尽管你反对，他们仍然我行我素。

  本文选自新东方在线论坛。