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3推理判断题该题型的题干中通常会出现infer,imply,conclude,suggest等词。正确选项一般是适度推理下的同义改写,是原句的引申含义。干扰的错误选项一般是不基于事实的主观臆断或基于事实的过度推断,还有因果颠倒、主次不分、直接间接不分等干扰项。这类题的选项中最不可能是正确选项的是原文中明确表达的内容,因为那是事实,不是推断。
例如2016年的42题:
It can be concluded from Para. 2 that _____.
A. The man wanted to maintain dignity though starved
B. The man could not get a proper chance to eat the pear
C. The man did not really want the pear since it was dirty
D. It was very difficult for the man to get the pear
根据原文中的fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure, my mouth watered and my stomach craved it可以看出主人公是及其饥饿,渴望吃到梨。Every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, …and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn’t been thinking about the pear at all. 这句话告诉我们路人的注视触动了主人公的自尊心,他假装出一副无所谓的样子。所以只有A是正确的理解。
4观点态度题 该题型有的是考察作者对全文所讨论的主题的观点态度,也可能考察对文中所涉及的某一个事件或问题的观点态度。题干中会出现In the author's opinion...; What is the author's attitude to...; What is the tone of ...等字眼。作者的观点有的是直截了当,有的是含而不露,有的是通过所用词语的褒贬来体现。考生在做此类题时,需要辨清是作者的观点态度还是引用别人的态度,还需要体会作者的选词是偏褒义还是贬义。
如2016年第48题:
What is the author's attitude towards Clinton's proposal to welfare?
A. Pessimistic B. Optimistic
C. Suspicious D. Sarcastic
以Clinton's proposal为信号词,我们可以迅速定位到Para.4 & Para. 5。Maybe something useful will come of Clinton's idea, but I'm not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves. “not all that hopeful”表明作者的态度是pessimistic。此题就不是考察作者全文的观点态度,而是对Clinton’s proposal的态度,所以审题要仔细。
总结一组表示观点态度的词:表客观的有objective,impartial,unbiased;表支持的有approval,supporting,in favor of;表反对的有critical,opposed,against;表漠不关心的有indifferent,uninterested。
5主旨大意题此类题典型的问法是The main idea of the passage is_____. The passage is mainly about______. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? The purpose of the passage is to ______.
做好此类题目,要注意文章的开头段和结尾段,以及每段的第一句话。一般文章的主题句会在首段或末段出现,每一段的段旨句会出现在段首。文章的主题通常会是高频词,反复在全文出现,注意不要以偏概全,要分清表象和终极目的。
如2016年的第44题:
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Concept of Peace
B. Origin of Peace Symbols
C. Popular Peace Symbols
D. Cultural Difference of Peace
文章的主题是peace symbols,所以A和D只提及peace不够全面,B侧重的origin,又把内容窄化了。其实文章第一段的最后两句话清楚告诉读者全文大意。There are certain symbols which people in different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let's look at a few of them. 随后5个黑色小标题各自谈论一个symbol,非常清晰,即便读不懂文内的具体信息也可以做对该题。
小结
总体来讲,做阅读部分的选择题,需要考生根据题干中的信号题(大写、人名地名、年份、主题词等)迅速定位答案所在的段落,然后分析题型,认真研读与题目相关的语句,做出正确的判断。专四时间很紧张,需要学会舍弃,因为花太多的时间作对一个难题和花较少的时间作对一个简单题得分是一样的。必要时,要勇于断舍离。
(二)简答题
该题的5个问题,分别针对阅读部分的3篇文章,要求简答,每题答案字数不超过10个单词。由于做该题时已经读过文章,所以直接找到相应段落即可。答案有的可以在原文中一字不差地选取,有的需要自己加以概括总结,保证字数不超限额。所以要言简意赅,能用一个词表达的不要用词组。如果用句子回答字数超额,可以选用核心短语,抓重点词,因为这些词也会是得分点。
例如2016年的52题:
What can be inferred form the last sentence of the passage?
文章最后一句话是I finally became the pick of them. 这里的关键点是pick,答案中的choose就是核心词,因为准确地解释了pick。只要考生的答案中写出了核心词,句子符合语法,没有拼写错误,就可以得分。
又例如第54小题:
According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?
答题依据在第2段,原句为The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. 句意很清晰,难点是控制字数。可以选择去掉主语,只用动词短语来回答,比如meeting basic needs and making low-paid work attractive(8 words)。
【小提示】
简答题每个2分,一个题抵得上两个选择道题。时间紧张的情况下,先做简答题,或者宁愿放弃一个选择题(尤其是综合推理题),也要写好简答题。打打算盘,写好五个短句(最多50词)就能得到10分,比辛辛苦苦写200词的作文(满分20分,得15分就算幸运)划算多了!孰轻孰重,你懂的!
考试其实是考生与出题者的一场博弈。要想考出满意成绩,就要学会猜中出题者的心思。A good question-designer will try his / her best to trick you into making a mistake. What you can do is try to know what kind of tricks he / she is likely to use and get over all the traps.
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