Lecture 2:

W:19.Earlier thisyear, British explorers Pen Huddle and his team tried three months to cross thefrozen Arctic ocean taking measurements and recording observations about theice.

M:While we have been believed that we would bein account of a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-yearice that has been around for a few years and just get thicker and thicker. weactually find there wasn’t any multi-year ice at all.

W: Some observations and summering serviceover the past several years has shown less ice in the polar region. 20.But the recent measurements show the lost is morepronounced than the previous thought.

M:We are looking at roughly 80 percent loss ofice cover on the Arctic ocean in ten years, roughly ten years and 100 percentloss in nearly twenty years. Cambridge Scientist Peter Whitens who is measuringthe findings that in the summer season . 21.Butresearch management shows the lost of than previous thought. We are roughly looking at the percent ice cover forten years. roughly ten years about 100 percent invisible. The more youlose, the more you created during the summit The less forms in winter, thefollowing in summer. It comes down brain successes until it has gone.environmental treaty worldwide like fun. The artists say ice in the symptom.fast than expected. Actually, it has to translate into more urgency to dealwith climate changing problems and reduce emissions. Greenhouse emissions blamefor global warming needs to come out the by the change summit in December. wehave basically achieved there, to communicate the deal. that’s the minimum.

M:We has to do that incredibly. And that wehave to find the equipment .What the needs urgency The carbon we produce intothe atmosphere keeps the warming fire for 1000 years. 22.Sowe have to come back the rapidly now. Because it takes a long time to work itthrough into our response by the atmosphere. We cannot switch off globalwarming. We have to stop being good in the near future. We had to now. There isnot easy technological What is more easy to climate change. He and otherscientists said there are the two optional to replace the fasten fuels.Generally, energy with the global warming in nuclear power.

Q19: What did Pen Huddle and his team do inthe Arctic Ocean?

Q20: What does the report say about the Arcticregion?

Q21: What does Cambridge scientist PeterWhitens say in his study?

Q22: How these Peter Whitens view commonchange?

Lecture 3

Froma very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others. Now, a new study began with 1,000 children in New Zealandtracked how low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even acriminal record in their adult years. Researchers has been studying thegroup of children for decades now. Some of the early observations have to dowith the level of self-control the youngsters displayed parents, teachers, eventhe kids themselves, scored the youngsters on measures like "acting beforethinking" and "persistence in reaching goals." The children ofthe study are now adults in their thirties. Terrie Moffitt of Duke Universityand her research colleague found that kids with self-control issues tended togrow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with."The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age three to10, later on had the most health problems in their thirties," Moffittsaid, "and they had the worst financial situation. They were more likelyto have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on avery low income.""Even the children who had above-averageself-control as pre-schoolers, could have benefited from more self-controltraining. They could have improved their financial situation and their physicaland mental health situation 30 years later."So,children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minorhealth problems, and so on.Moffitt said it's still unclear why somechildren have better self-control than others, though other researchers havefound that it's mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little geneticinfluence. But good self-control can run in families because children with goodself-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents."Whereas some of the low-self-control study members are more likely to besingle parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health andlikely to be a heavy substance abuser," said Moffitt. "So that's nota good atmosphere for a child. So it looks as though self-control is somethingthat in one generation can disadvantage the next generation."But the good news, according to Moffitt, is that self-controlcan be taught by parents, and through school curricula that have been shown tobe effective. But the good news is the Moffitt says that self-controlcan be taught by the parents and through school curricula that have proved tobe effective. Terry Moffitt’s paper on the link on self-control and adultstatus is later is published proceeding the academy of sciences.

23. What is the new study about?

24. What does the study seem to show?

25. What does Moffitt say is the good news tothe study?